Saturday, November 27, 2004

The French language

You may see the French as a proud and arrogant crowd -- and you would not be completely wrong, but then at this point most people jump to the conclusion that these traits somehow unite us against foreigners in a French conspiracy involving rude service and €7 expressos. Well, nothing could be further from the truth, and you might get some comfort in knowing that being French won't spare you the attitude from the waiter -- that is, unless you are a pretty-looking girl having lunch with an empty seat of yours, in which case we enter a completely different world I save for later.

However, there are some topics which every French foetus is genetically modified to agree on and that could even league holigans from Paris and Marseilles soccer teams together, although nobody ever dared to try. And this is one of them: French is the most beautiful language in the world.

When I was born, genetical engineering was not yet as accurate as it is now, and while I never doubted about this fundamental truth, I was curious as a child about what made our language so great. As I grew up, it progressively came to me that the main reason why French people love so much their language is that they can't really master another one.

One point I have often heard, is that French sounds good. I can't really say myself; it is tricky to figure out how your own language might sound to the ear of other folks. However, many of my foreigner friends think so, and in the sweat illusion that friendship is not based on mainly insincere compliments and feel-good soothings, I have come to admit this is true.

Now that's hardly enough to make French the number 1 language. Well, sure, if you sound like Dutch, you are not even qualified for the race, but we can't pretend to take over the world on bases where Italian has a lead.

Another point I have heard is that French, as opposed to English, is rigorous and accurate; and when it comes from such writers as Samuel Beckett, you have to pay attention. I am not sure what is exactly meant by that, but as far as I understand, the accuracy of French is precisely what makes it not as flexible as English. It is a trade-off, really.

Let me illustrate this point with an everyday situation I am sure you have already experienced. You receive an e-mail from your buddy to meet him at 5, and he asks you to please, please not forget your rabbit shoes, this is of the utmost importance. Now you are in trouble: which rabbit shoes is he exactly talking about? Your shoes made of rabbit fur that your wife bought you the year you forgot her birthday? Your shoes in the shape of a rabbit that your daughter made for Father's day, which reminds you that you still haven't retaliate on her teacher? Is it those special shoes you use whenever you do your rabbit business, whatever that could be? Or is that those shoes for rabbits that a fashion designer in love with his favorite pet has created, and that you own for mysterious reasons? Well, at time like these, you are sorry your friend is not communicating in French, because then he couldn't have use such loose relationship and he would have had to explicitely say whether he is speaking of the chaussures en lapin, the chaussure pour lapin, the chaussure à lapin, or your chaussure en forme de lapin.

Personnally I find it a small advantage. I don't own any rabbit shoes and don't plan on owning some -- of any kind.

Now that we are still not convinced and have run short of labeled advantages, we are on our own and have to plunge head first inside the language. That's were trouble begins.

French is an extremely chaotic and complicated language. If you ever wondered why the inventors of fractals like Mandelbrot and Julia were all French, look no further.

I am not even talking about genders here. Genders are usually the first thing that discourage English-speaking folks from learning further -- and yet this is the easy part. You just have to acknowledge that the gender (either masculine or feminine in French) of a word has nothing to do with a sex all French mentally visualize while talking. (Well, we do, but that's an other topic and irrelevant to grammar.) This is true not only for objects but even to some extent for people: For example, a guard in French is une sentinelle, and although it is feminine, it is hardly a job anyone would associate specifically with women.

Plus, once you have learned genders for French, you are mostly good for other Latin languages, such as Spanish or Italian. See? We do make some efforts for you. That, and the euro.

French can be a mess, and unfortunately it takes an outsider's look to realize it. Same thing with art, if you ask me. So whenever you meet one of your French or artist friend, help him and talk to him. As for me, I started to realize how irrational French is when I was asked by puzzled foreigners to explain some very simple points -- say, when to use bien and when to use bon, both meaning 'good' -- that I never even considered.

The first difficulty comes from the spelling. Some languages have a very simple relationship between speech and writing, like Spanish, Italian or German: basically, there is only one way to pronounce a letter, and one way to write a syllable. These are mostly WYHIWYW languages (What You Hear Is What You Write).

Well, I don't know which unit they use to measure the closeness of pronunciation to writting in a language, but I am sure they always need extra paper when French is in the graph. There are many consonants that you do not pronounce (unless you do), or that are doubled; there are many ways to write the same sound; and we are perhaps the only language to use accents (like î ) for absolutely no reason at all, except historical ones.

The fact is, this is far too complicated for most French people as well. Writting a cover letter without any spelling mistake requires locking the kids away in the garage and a tablet of this medicine you used as a student to focus during your math exams. And, as it happened to me, no matter how much time you spend perfecting your application and tracking every single small spelling mistake, including all those damn plurals, the refusal letter you get back might contain some big ones.

The next difficulty is the liaisons, the fact that silent consonants at the end of some words should be pronounced if the next word starts with a voyel. In theory, this is all nice and simple. Keep in mind that French do all kind of complicated tricks to actually keep things simple -- to speak. So the idea here is to never have to pronounce two consecutive voyels, because that would keep you mouth open for too long and you cigarette might drop. Ever wondered why French has some extra t's in such expressions as où va-t-il? Same reason.

Now, you are probably thinking, 'Wow! When they chat, those French dudes actually have to think whether a word ends with a silent consonant, and the next word starts with a voyel, and then make the correct liaison! They must have an entire lobe dedicated to speaking.' Well, that's precisely where the nice and simple theory ends. In practice, liaisons are almost never made, except by some old guys gently dozing at the Académie Française, still trying to figure out a French word for 'blog' that Victor Hugo would not mind. In some cases, a liaison would even sound weird (like in tu parles a qui?: a liaison there is sure to raise eyebrows) . So you never care about it -- unless you absolutely have to. (If you are not familiar with this kind of logic, you are probably not advanced yet in your study of French). And you generally have to when words involved are common and frequent, like vous allez or deux amis. Even the illiterate would make the liaison there, simply because we would barely understand otherwise. Still, this is just a vague guideline, because for instance, in je vais aller, 'I am going', which is obviously a pretty common combination, virtually nobody will do the liaison there. Sorry folks! So forget about the rule and just do as we say. This would also be your first lesson in French politics as well. (Wow, I am starting to realize I have blog material for the next decade).

French also uses a lot of structures that doesn't make much sense to me. To ask "What is it?", instead of a simple Qu'est-ce? that you might find in pedantic books, we prefer to say Qu'est-ce que c'est?, litteraly "What is this what this is?". Est-ce que does it make any sense? No. So eventually people ended up asking questions by simply raising their voice at the end of a sentence. Tu pars, "You are leaving". Tu pars?, "Are you leaving?" C'est quoi? Much simpler.

Worst of all are the verb tenses and conjugations. We have loads of tenses -- passé simple, subjonctif, whatever -- and believe me, none of us really know when or how to use them. We are aware there are some rules as for which past tense to use in which situation, and sure, if we were to write a book, we would certainly open those dusty grammar books again. As far as real life goes, however, we mainly do as we please, and that usually means that we stick to the simplest form. (For example, you will hardly hear any passé simple or subjonctif forms, and most future use the simple aller+V immediate future form).

I never realized as a kid that my French teachers were genuine heroes.

4 Comments:

Blogger frenchdude said...

Hi Harriet,

Thanks for your message! It's nice to know that some people are actually enjoying this stuff.

Regarding your example, I don't totally agree. 'Je nage' really is 'I am swimming'. 'I swim' would be 'Je sais nager', and 'I do swim'... I am not sure, probably it depends on the context.

What I am saying is that this is not an example where one language is less precise than the other, just a case where we say things differently.

November 28, 2004 at 11:35 AM  
Blogger Lola said...

"Je nage" may either mean "I am swimming" (right now, while i'm talking. Even if it's not easy to do both at the same time) or "I regularly go to the swimming pool". But usually the rest of the sentence explains the context.

About the liaison, there are few tricky things, even for french people. In french we have only one type of "h", while in english you can pronounce a "hard h", like "house", or a "soft h" like "herb". We don't have this difference, but we keep the historical track of it. For example, you don't make a liaison in "des haricots", but you make one in "des hopitaux". We (as french) know it only because our mothers repeated hundred of times when we were young "on ne dit pas des z'haricots !"

Concerning the subjonctive, i completely agree: it's a mess.
Especially after "que" :
--> Il faut qu'il mange
--> A moins qu'il ait deja mange
--> Bien que j'ai deja mange (this one : "aie" or "ai" ?)

But english is difficult too. After one year in the US, i'm still very bad, as you can see.

December 4, 2004 at 7:10 PM  
Blogger benoit said...

well...I'm swimming would be "je suis en train de nager" I do swim, JE nage !!! But that's true, "qu'est ce que c'est" is a popular way ; maybe french is the only language where formal form is simpler than popular one !!!

En tout cas, bravo pour tous ces sujets, je vois que je n'ai plus besoin de les écrire !!!

December 30, 2004 at 4:31 PM  
Blogger nachov said...

Hey! You forgot the subtler than anything "plus" and "plus" meaning depending on whether you pronounce the final s or not, more and not anymore...

January 27, 2009 at 12:45 PM  

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